Hate It or Love It Essay

In 1972 the Cross Bronx Expressway was finished; this denoted the partition of the southern Bronx and was trailed by the â€Å"Bronx is burning† which started the descending winding for this urban, African American neighborhood. Around a similar time hip-jump was established and turned into an outlet for the disappointments of poor people, enduring individuals of this district. The outcome was the way of life of hip-bounce that extols savagery, medications, cash, and a criminal persona. This has become the picture of the Hip Hop craftsman, and is utilized by artists to pick up the endorsement or â€Å"street cred† of their fans/peers. With this verification of genuineness, in any case, many rap/hip-jump craftsmen have sent messages of analysis and judgment of the life in the â€Å"hood† and the disappointments of the Civil Rights Movement. In the tune â€Å"Hate it or Love it,† these topics of hip-bounce are depicted all through the tune. Rappers The Game and 50 Cent both use meaning and authenticity to pick up validity and investigate the disappointments of the Civil Rights age. As characterized by Imani Perry, a processor of African American examinations at Princeton University, authenticity â€Å"encourages an evaluate of the media and mirrors the huge real factors of social inequality† and connoting â€Å"[is] an analogy for the modification of past writings and figures (Perry, 61, 101).† Validity is a thought that is significant in hip-bounce. It is regularly alluded to as â€Å"keeping it real† and points out the legitimacy of the rap craftsman (Perry, 87). As indicated by Imani Perry, this involves keeping up â€Å"allegiance to dark youth populaces or subgroups inside [their] community.† Most devotees accept that hip-jump specialists should remain consistent with their underlying foundations and stick with the style of their home-district. The Game stays â€Å"real† by recording â€Å"Hate it or Love it† as West Coast style hip-bounce and outwardly meaning N.W.A. (a hip-jump bunch likewise from a similar city of Compton, CA) in the music video. The melody likewise permits highlighted craftsman 50 Cent the opportunity to remain true when he means Tupac and Rakim, the two of which were additionally from New York. The Game and 50 Cent however not legitimately examining from these craftsman do cover the character their forerunners made; the refore, they cover and keep up faithfulness to the picture of men from dark American urban networks. Notwithstanding connoting, â€Å"Hate it or Love it† utilizes authenticity all through its verses to construct believability with the crowd. Rappers/Hip-Hop craftsmen are relied upon to â€Å"witness† and â€Å"live out† the accounts that they tell. 50 Cent begins the melody saying, â€Å"let’s take’em back† implying the progress to story of a â€Å"real† time before he or The Game were known rappers. Both craftsman reference this reality by revealing subtleties of ghetto/hoodlum life in lines like â€Å"Brenda is as yet tossing babies in the garbage,† â€Å"niggas had took my bike,† and â€Å"one telephone call’ll have your body dumped in marshes.† These expressions all allude to individual or saw occasions that portray the issues like high school pregnancy, burglary, and posse brutality in dark American urban networks. This â€Å"reality† paying little mind to truth confirms the rapper since it show s he has encountered the agonies of prejudice, and destitution. It gives the audience motivation to accept the craftsman can feel for his/her own battles and verifies the words in the melody. Imani Perry additionally says that, â€Å"[Realism is a] declaration to the passionate state coming about because of the experience of neediness, obscurity, and the emergency of urbanity (Perry, 87).† After substantiating oneself as â€Å"real† and setting up their capacity to identify with dark America, rap craftsman can facilitate their validity by focusing on the enthusiastic difficulties of urban destitution. 50 Cent passes on these feelings when he raps, â€Å"Different day, same poop, ain’t no good thing in the hood. I’d flee from this bitch and never return on the off chance that I could.† Here he communicates a certified abhor for the â€Å"hood† and shows his defenselessness as a kid, a feeling not frequently admitted to in rap. It is this kind of authenticity and receptiveness with feelings that allows arti sts to interface and addition trust from the crowd. With trust, backing, and confidence in the verses, validity is built up. The craftsman becomes â€Å"real.† Building up a feeling of being â€Å"real† isn't limited to the verses. In the music video for â€Å"Hate it or Love it,† The Game utilizes a few pictures that make both feeling and set up his â€Å"witnessing† of criminal life. For instance, both 50 Cent and The Game are spoken to as kids in the music video. They are indicated alone in a vacant house, remaining close to a dead body, and being captured (as a kid and grown-up). These photos make sentiments of pity and distress for the youthful rappers who seem to have no one paying special mind to them, a reality frequently found in poor urban networks. This again procures validity for the rappers since it shows they have â€Å"lived out† the encounters that they rap about. (Perry, 90) With this proof of living as a â€Å"real† African American, The Game and 50 Cent progress toward a sign of regard by standing out the hood from their new â€Å"reality.† This new life is the thing that Nelson G eorge would portray as, â€Å"the person of color crave[ing] a setting for that style, one that frequently comes as a major aspect of a male-ruled aggregate (George, 52).† As it were, 50 Cent and The Game must cover a celebrated variant of â€Å"that style† credited to the dark, male segment to win regard from their companions. This glamorized picture of obscurity is seen all through the â€Å"Hate it or Love it† music video. The Game is demonstrated remaining on a structure in rural Los Angles, cruzing down the Boulevard in a red convertible, and wearing two Jacob watches. These pictures are each of the a â€Å"signifying call-reaction trope† between rapper to rapper and rapper to crowd (Perry, 62). These pictures of riches, and influence are a front of African American male’s wanted aggregate style, a style framed by the past age of rappers, and a style African American open ceaselessly attempts to imitate. It is with the achievement of accomplishing this â€Å"style† that 50 Cent and The Game win regard, and it is with this regard they gain that last measure of believability that makes them â€Å"real† rap c raftsmen. Authenticity isn't confined to the development of validity for a craftsman, it likewise can advise audience members about existence in the â€Å"hood.† Imani Perry portrays this sort of authenticity as a â€Å"telling narrative.† She says, â€Å"[a advising narrative] is to educate and edify instead of essentially delineate (Perry, 91).† The Game achieved this all through the verses in his tune. He raps, â€Å"Thinking how they burned through 30 million dollars on planes when there’s kids starving,† and â€Å"No textbooks, they utilized that wood to manufacture coffins.† These two lines are amazingly ground-breaking and an unforgiving analysis of society in general. These words â€Å"enlighten† us of issues for youngsters in dark urban networks like appetite, poor instruction, and savagery. The Game shows differentiate while rapping that we burn through â€Å"30 million dollars on airplanes.† He is unmistakably sentencing societ y for its inability to assume liability for African American kids notwithstanding the accessibility of assets. A telling account doesn't just communicate dissatisfaction for society all in all, yet in addition â€Å"provides an inside study of sociological conditions and the possibilities of social control through arranged networks (Perry, 91).† The chance of â€Å"social control† or an improvement of way of life is verifiably recommended in The Game’s verses. He over and over shows the accessibility of riches with references to things like â€Å"Jacob’s watches,† â€Å"Mercedes Benz,† and â€Å"sheepskin coats.† 50 Cent anyway gives a genuine inward study of the African American people group, not only society in general. Inside the primary verse 50 Cent describes poor people/absence of child rearing he got from his mom and father. He says, †Coming up I was befuddled, my mother kissing a young lady/Confusion happens coming up exposed world/Daddy ain’t around, presumably out submitting felonies.† These three lines are an immediate analysis of 50 Cent’s guardians and other ghetto guardians of a similar age, the kids from the Civil Rights Movement. It is remarking on their aggregate inability to utilize the energy of the social equality development as a mechanism for change. Rather, many, similar to 50 Cent’s guardians, went the contrary course. They fell into criminal operations and deserted their kids. This â€Å"reality† of an unlawful life is additionally exemplified when 50 Cent says, â€Å"I wanna live great, so poop I sell dope.† With no guardians, cash, or genuine help, offspring of the Civil rights age needed to go to drugs and other criminal operations to â€Å"live good.† Through these kinds of verses, 50 Cent and The Game â€Å"inform† and â €Å"critique† life in urban dark neighborhoods. Analysis of ghetto life and the failure of the Civil Right’s age are additionally practiced with the utilization of meaning. As indicated by Imani Perry, â€Å"Signifyin(g) is a method of saying a certain something and importance another (Perry, 61).† The Game effectively does this with the two pictures and verses. For instance, he raps â€Å" ‘Pac is gone Brenda as yet tossing babies in the trash/I wanna know ‘Wh

Innovation of Ipad Free Essays

IS THE IPAD A DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY? Innovation has been moved towards progression for quite a while bringing better than ever gadgets and framework. Individuals are consistently very nearly designing something new and energizing. About 10 years prior, cell phone was infrequently utilized by individuals however now everybody has a cell phone with all the potential devices in it like camera, video player, web and that's only the tip of the iceberg. We will compose a custom article test on Advancement of Ipad or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Discussing troublesome innovation which nearly supplanted some other organization in new development was Apple. Apple propelled iPhone which was one of the significant triumphs in problematic innovation since it gave all of solace to its client while utilizing it. At the point when Macintosh propelled ipad in 2010 there was a tremendous showcasing and promotion about its new advanced innovation in the market. It was 10 inch tablet which runs on IOS (iphone working framework) as some other apple item. The ipad just runs applications from the Apple App Store. There are a large number of these applications accessible in the iTunes from motion pictures, melodies, games and that's only the tip of the iceberg. The ipad isn't a need like the cell phone which do have a similar contraption anyway it improves the personal satisfaction of its clients. Ipad has been utilized by the first creator in quite a while offered by the Department of Statistics at Macquarie University (Sydney, Australia): a second-year Introduction to Probability unit (PROB) and an experts level unit Mathematical Background for Biostatistics (BCA), conveyed through the Biostatistics Consortium of Australia (Simpson, 2009). The utilization of innovation, especially the utilization of ipad, has bolstered an alternate method of instructing in these two units that assesses the general needs of the understudies and it empowers understudies to be receptive to their individual solicitations. The ipad has been utilized as an approach to include, and inspire understudies through elevated level introduction and specialized apparatuses. It has changed the methodology in learning, experience more straightforward and more profound. Understudies will currently encounter the most astounding course readings they’ve ever perused the methods for ipad on the grounds that it furnishes with the pictures and word reference one tap away to locate the significance of any word. This encourages the client to turn out to be more unwind while perusing ipad. Discussing the market that ipad is hoping to contend is ignite. An encourage is a gadget simply like ipad however littler than ipad. Encourage is uniquely structure just for understanding purposes. It is dull ink show which empowers client to concentrate openly in the daylight decisively not at all like ipad. Ipad is more probable a multi-reason gadget which is utilized for nearly everything that we need. It is anything but difficult to learn around evening time rather at day as a result of its multicolor presentation. Yet, after Mac propelled the new ipad it has been hardened its quality on the tablet gadget showcase, a market that has been recently been the overwhelmed by Amazon, with its Kindle, and Barnes and Noble. Those gadgets are particularly committed to digital book perusers, while the new ipad arrangement is a digital book peruser in alongside its different highlights, for example, web perusing, interactive media, and backing. However, that adaptability doesn’t make ipad a superior item than arouse. Here and there gadget that can do just a single thing can be far more fascinating than a multi-reason gadget. The littlest, lightest, most affordable, least demanding for perusing reasons for existing are the high contrast digital book perusers. On the off chance that client needs just a perusing tablet gadget it is to state the encourage is the most loved barring the delight of watching recordings and pictures. Each organization offers assortments of models which gets the best lighting conditions. The one you need is the Kindle Paper White, whose brightness is more charming than the proportionate some other gadget out available With plain, no-contact, no-light Kindles, with the promotions on the screen saver, are very less expensive however the light and the touch-screen are extremely worth having. One of the significant parts in the learning experience is the point at which an understudy doesn't comprehend a theme or a stage in an activity. The most effortless approach to support that person is to experience the inquiry utilizing composed words. With the presentation of the ipad into the showing strategy, composed answers can be fragmented to certain situations when they are relevant and a response to a student’s question can be created as a video address specific to the theme or exercise. The learning module of separation understudies has now been totally changed. On the off chance that they can't take care of an issue or face any issue with the subject material without anyone else, there is another conceivable route by devoting video by the instructional exercise/speaker that shows each progression of the issue and arrangement. This configuration is especially significant and has been fruitful. Composed arrangements are equivalent to the course reading and are frequently incapable to furnish the understudy with another methodology on taking care of the issue. Usually a lecturer’s first reaction to an inquiry isn't sufficient and understudies pose for additional dreams. A video is distinctive in light of the fact that it permits the understudy experience each progression of the clarification in an increasingly verbal manner and tests requesting further clarification after such a smaller than usual video address are surprising. The most effective method to refer to Innovation of Ipad, Papers

Mandatory Birth Control Welfare Requirement Debate Essay Example

Obligatory Birth Control Welfare Requirement Debate Paper The American government assistance framework started during the 1930s, during the Great Depression, to help families with practically no pay. The government assistance framework extended over the accompanying six decades. Charges of government assistance extortion and misuse expanded relatively. Some government assistance beneficiaries were remaining unmarried, jobless, or procuring more kids to control the framework and meet all requirements for more guide (Welfareinfo.org, 2013). In 1996, President Bill Clinton marked a bill surrendering control of the government assistance framework to the individual states. Accordingly, permitting states to pick their favored components to alter the prerequisites and limitations of government assistance candidates and beneficiaries to limit the maltreatment. The two sides of the path have acquainted bills with take out subsidizing to incessant government assistance misuses and safeguard the restricted government assistance assets for families and people in certifiable need of impermanent monetary help. In spite of seeming like an interesting expression, political authorities have the most proper vocation competency for understanding state laws and deciding the better blueprints for saving state charge incomes. We will compose a custom paper test on Mandatory Birth Control Welfare Requirement Debate explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Mandatory Birth Control Welfare Requirement Debate explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Mandatory Birth Control Welfare Requirement Debate explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer On June 20, 2013, The US Congress drove by Rep. Stephen Finchers (R-Tenn) set forth a bill that would expect states to perform arbitrary medication tests on 20% of the individuals getting profits by the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program. The bill didn't pass the Congress. Rep. Fincher means to reconsider the bill and submit for a vote later. On February 2, 2009, the Obama organization updated the TANF program including a necessity that government assistance beneficiaries must play a functioning job in scanning for business, and to stay utilized whenever the situation allows. Various different bills have been presented in Congress throughout the years to address the issues of medication use, deliberate joblessness, and misrepresentation in state or government financed programs. Adding youngsters to a family as of now in government assistance programs expands the measure of government assistance installment and broadens the measure of time an individual can be jobless and get citizen subsidized government assistance. Some government assistance beneficiaries have extra youngsters basically as an approach to benefit from the framework. The subject of this discussion will be: Should people, joined up with an administration help programs, be required to be on contraception to get benefits? This discussion paper will start with three contentions from the expert viewpoint, trailed by three contentions from the con point of view. The benefits of these discussion contentions will be talked about, trailed by an end dependent on the team’s assurance of the more grounded set of contentions. In conclusion, the more vulnerable viewpoint will offer an answer to the team’s end. Genius Arguments Encourage Child and Adoption Programs An individual fits the bill for government assistance when the person doesn't have the methods, or capacity to give satisfactorily to them self. Social assistance offices won't place cultivate or receptive kids in financially shaky family unit to guarantee the child’s needs are sufficiently met. As a ward of society and for the insurance of unborn kids, a government assistance beneficiary ought to be required to be on contraception and satisfy similar guidelines required for assenting or temporary parents before compulsory anti-conception medication can be suspended. Doing this would reflect the social help rules previously settled, which guarantee children’s need can be satisfactorily met by their watchmen, and furthermore forestalls extra weights on the government assistance framework. Social Responsibilities and Constitutional Rights The Constitution holds a people rights to be natural. The Supreme Court has decided that resident rights are practiced distinctly to the degree that they don't encroach on the privileges of another. Subsequently, untrustworthy propagation by government assistance beneficiaries encroaches upon the privileges of individual Americans, by compelling them to help the wild conduct of the government assistance beneficiary. Further, government assistance is a qualification program, not an established right. The administration has various limitations and necessity for standardized savings, joblessness, instruction, and each other privilege program. Those limitations save the goal of the projects and decrease manhandles. This prerequisite is essentially asking potential moms and fathers to assume liability for their own activities. Having kids ought not be prohibited; in any case, incidentally limitations while a potential mother or father is reliant upon citizen sponsored state help ought to be required. This should help dispose of a considerable lot of the instances of government assistance maltreatment by decoupling the craving to have youngsters and the current budgetary motivator of government assistance beneficiaries to have more kids. This makes a further motivating force for looking for work and personal growth of potential moms or fathers needing kids and ought to lessen the measure of time a beneficiary remains in the government assistance framework. All inclusive Health care and contraception An individual ought to be required to utilize anti-conception medication to get government help in the event that the person in question is can't to help and feed themselves and any kids the person as of now has. In the event that this individual will pass on safeguard measures for strict or different reasons then money related help ought to dispensed with if they somehow happened to have another pregnancy. The state ought to give free contraception to them as a major aspect of their help. Free vasectomies to the men ought to be offered as a feature of this program. Con Arguments Strict clash to conception prevention An individual ought not be compelled to take anti-conception medication to get help in the event that the person decides not to. Numerous strict convictions don't allow contraception to be utilized. The Catholic Church, for instance, is one. In the event that God needs an individual to have a kid, what right does the state or government need to abrogate His will? Social Responsibilities and Constitutional Rights The Constitution of the United States of America gives similar rights and assurances to all people paying little mind to their business or pay status. The legislature has no power to manage when, why, or how regularly any individual multiplies. Necessitating that government assistance beneficiaries submit to anti-conception medication to get government assistance benefits is an infringement of that person’s protected rights. Such a draconian measure will hurt families and advance enduring of blameless youngsters who government assistance beneficiaries as of now have. For the administration to remove a citizen’s legitimate help for the common and unavoidable right of reproduction is oppressive and remains in unmistakable agreement to each rule that this incredible nation was established. General Health Care and Contraception Before a people conceptive rights are removed, we should discuss worldwide access to anti-conception medication. Does a government assistance beneficiary represent a higher long haul hazard, contrasted with a young mother? Concentrating anti-conception medication orders on residents who are as of now battling with difficult occasions won't address the more extensive issues of diminishing the requests on the government assistance framework. Arranged Parenthood, probably the biggest wellspring of free and ease anti-conception medication, and has encountered innumerable spending cuts, after quite a long time after year. These spending slices make offering types of assistance to the neediest members amazingly troublesome. What different administrations should be given in the long haul to youthful moms. Better subsidizing of family arranging programs is a superior utilization of citizen dollars. Giving all the more subsidizing to family arranging facilities gives answers for people who are effectively looking for family arranging as opposed to encroaching on the rights generalized gathering who wind up requiring help, not mistreatment. Government assistance Requirements Debate In an assessment of the contentions introduced, Team D has discovered that the professional side of this discussion introduced more grounded contentions. A few rationale mistakes or paradoxes were noted in the con contentions, which further debilitated the qualities of the con side of the discussion. There were two direct equals between the expert and con contentions. One of the arrangement of contentions isn't legitimately matched, however overlapped with some importance. The group decided at the con contention of strict conviction is a false notion, moving the weight of evidence. The con contention of widespread medicinal services tends to the strict contention without evading the issue. The group assessment likewise decided the con contention is a contention from prevalence. Further, the division of chapel and state ought not permit or necessitate that state government assistance arrangements take into account singular strict concerns. There are various legitimate points of reference, for example, Roe v Wade that build up government arrangement regardless of clashing strict viewpoint. On the issue of established rights, the group feeling again found the star contention better contemplated. The most persuading perspectives regarding the master contention were government assistance is a privilege program, not a sacred right, and qualification projects can put limitations. This was seen as the professional side giving lawful point of reference. The con side is an announcement of flawed examination and doesn't give any counterargument to professional side’s foundation of the lawful point of reference. The contentions of general medicinal services were likewise decided more grounded on the genius side. While neither one of the sides had an especially solid contention, the master side provided an answer to the strict contention of the con side. The con contention isn't meaningful to the discussion and is viewed as a distraction. The group finishes up the master side introduced a solid case for every one of the contention

Implementing issues about Bar Code Technology in Healthcare - 4950 Words

Bar Code Technology in Healthcare: The Opportunities and Implementation Issues (Research Proposal Sample) Content: Implementing issues about Bar Code Technology in HealthcareStudents NameInstitutionDateBar Code Technology in Healthcare: The Opportunities and Implementation IssuesIntroductionThe bar code technology consideration for use in the healthcare sector dates back to the 1970s, when it was discovered that the then new technology could also be applied in the healthcare sector to improve inventory management and identification functions among others. In the recent decades, the relative success that has been recorded with the use of the technology has underscored the role that the technology can play in the healthcare sector. This is so especially considering that the sector is facing multiple challenges in managing the huge amounts of information that it needed to be processed every day. For example, healthcare professionals need to track inventory, identify patients, validate patients, and manage medication ordering ad acquisition processes without the opportunity to make co stly medial errors. In view of the working of the bar ode technology, it is important to consider the fact that the technology may be used to deliver a cost-effective and easy-to-use tool for healthcare professional to manage these challenges, and improve healthcare delivery (Pinkerton, 2004). It is in this backdrop that the proposed study goes to explore the specific ways that the bar code technology can be leveraged in the health sector to improve healthcare. Relevantly, also, the researcher intends to explore the challenges related to application and implementation, and the approaches which the industry may consider in an effort to optimize the use of the technology.The proposed study is relevant in the healthcare sector, especially considering that there are multiple issues in healthcare that may be managed using the technology, yet it has not become a widespread application in the sector. For example, inventory management functions done in the commercial sectors are not entirel y different than those done in the healthcare sector, yet despite success in the business sector, the technologys use in medical field remains limited. This warrants study of the proposed topic, with a view to showing how challenges in the healthcare sector, such as those related to the reduction of medical errors and promotion of patient safety may be managed using the bar code technology. To this end, the proposed research findings paper will be relevant to healthcare professional, hospital administrators and managers, and even policy makers who are bent on seeing improvements in healthcare delivery.The proposed research topic was selected for the investigation due to the theoretical and practical relevance of the topic, and the fact that despite being an important issue, it has not been widely studied in research. The researcher was also motivated by their interest in the use of new technologies in healthcare, believing that the benefits that have been seen in the business field can also be experienced in the health sector, and goes a long way in improving efficiency. Lastly, the proposed research is relevant with regard to the investigators major, as it related to the ICT application in real life issues, to develop solutions and improve human life.Definition of Common TermsBar code it is a machine readable and optical data representation, with the data being information or description of the item on which the bar code is attached.Medical errors any preventable event that occurs in the process of delivering healthcare in the control of the healthcare professional or patient, which results in adverse health implications.Problem Statement and JustificationHealthcare professionals face the challenges of avoiding medical errors in their practices. This is so because the medial practitioners are human, and even the most experienced medical veterans are prone to human error, even when they are working every second to avoid them. Understandably, in healthcare, even slight errors can have far reaching medical implications. With the advent of the information age and the adoption of information systems in healthcare, healthcare professionals now have a lot of data and information, which they must manage and use in an effort to boost healthcare for patients. However, the healthcare professionals face challenges in managing the information and handling the patient detail. For instance, challenges may arise when it comes to identifying and validating patients, confirming the medications ordered against the prescriptions and patients, and handling the hospital inventory for efficient healthcare delivery. It is assumed, in view of the historical use of bar codes in inventory and process management and tracking in the commercial sector, that the technology may find application in the healthcare sector. Bar codes would therefore be used to manage patient information and reduce the associated medical errors, ultimately resulting in improvements in h ealthcare.On that note, the proposed research aims at exploring the bar code technology as it relates to the use of the technology in healthcare to address the varied challenges identified earlier in the paper. The main idea is to see how the same benefits that hav been documented and seen in the commercial sector may be applied in healthcare sector. Based on the primary and secondary data that the researcher expects to gather and analyze during the research, recommendations will be provided on how the bar code technology may be applied in the healthcare sector to boost patient safety.Literature ReviewThe bar code technology is not new in any way, as it has been applied in commerce for several decades. The focus has been the use of the bar code technology to improved product identification and tracking, wth the technology findings widespread application in inventory management among other areas (Gao, Prakash Jagatesan, 2007). It may be argued that to this end, the bar coding techno logy has been instrumental in improving product identification, tracking ad inventory management in commerce, such as in the supermarket system. The result has a high level of efficiency in inventory management and reduction of errors in product order, management of demand and supply, and the general store management. In view of the success that wa realize when using the bar code technology in the commercial sector, there was an interest to apply th same technology in the healthcare sector, so as to help in addressing the myriad challenges that healthcare professionals face every day, as they strive to enhance patient safety by reducing errors and enhancing patient safety. To this end, there is a considerable amount of studies that java considered the use of bar coding technologies I healthcare. It is notable, however, that the issue of bar coding technology use in healthcare has not received extensive research attention, hence the extent body of literature exploring the specific ma tter of use of bar code technology remains largely limited. This section is intended to review the existing literature, so that a background understanding of the research topic is developed, in order to lay the basis for the proposed research.An exploration by Sriram, Rao, Biswas Ahmed (1996) showed that the use of bar coding technologies was beneficial in managing storage and retrieval of products, with the main model being the facilitation of product identification and retrieval. Thus bar codes are effective in reducing the waste of time, and it promoted efficiency in the reduction of errors. The overall result is that when bar codes are employed in processes, it enables people to be more effective at controlling and managing products and processes (Sriram, Rao, Biswas Ahmed, 1996). This application finds opportune application in healthcare, where the need to reduce medical errors and promote healthcare continues to grow. On the same note, the introduction of 2D bar codes was to uted to deliver more efficiency, especially in view of the growing popularity of m-commerce, and the need to grow emerging demands in the mobile computing real (Gao, Prakash Jagatesan, 2007). The authors explored new designs for the bar codes, proposing that 2D bar coding technologies could be highly efficient in delivering more accuracy and reliability for commerce (Gao, Prakash Jagatesan, 2007). Notably, the application of the technology in the medical field could benefit the sector, by delivering the same benefits as would be expected in the business sector. As it were, the main challenge in the bar coding technology, as in any other technology, is the implementation process. With the right introduction an implementation process within the healthcare sector, especially with tailoring and position of the technological change to address specific healthcare issues, the desired goals of the implementation could be realized.A study conducted in 2003 to explore the use of bar codes in hospital revealed that bar codes could be useful in reducing errors in blood transfusion (Turner, Casbard Murphy, 2003). The researchers reported after their investigation that when the physicians engaged in blood transfusion without the use of bar codes, the number of errors were higher than when bar codes were used. The specific uses of bar codes in the context of blood transfusion included patient identification and blood compatibility issues (Turner, Casbard Murphy, 2003). The improvement recorded by the researchers was significant, increasing from 11.8%, to 100% success in verbally identifying the patients (Turner, Casbard Murphy, 2003). This underscores the importance and reliability of bar codes in healthcare, as the authors recommended that th...

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Overview Of Practical Tools For The Blind - 1795 Words

In today’s world’s population there are about 285 million people who are blind or visually impaired and this number is increasing rapidly, so it is crucial to create new devices to make their lives easier. Since 1921, the most common mobility aid for blind people has been the white cane and it was recognized as a tool to also alert people that the individual using it was visually impaired (Philip strong, 2009). However, white canes can only detect obstacles at ground level and anything within 1m of the user which is a big downside of this tool and is the reason why there are researches on designing more efficient mobility aids for the visually impaired. The main aim of designing practical tools for the blind, is to enable them to move†¦show more content†¦The main feature of this tool is that it detects the shape of the road by getting information through sensors and it notifies the user when any obstacles or unknown places are detected by the vibrating motor o n its handle (Ultracane, 2011). The type of sensors used in ultracanes are called ultrasonic sensors which are transmitters and receivers of ultrasound. The way they operate is that ultrasound waves are sent from the sensors and reflected waveforms indicate different sizes of objects and obstacles and according to this information the user will get notified is they have to change their direction or path. Ultrasonic sensors are favourable in electronic aid devices and it is due to their cost-effectiveness and light weight (Carullo A.; Parvis M. 2001). In addition, ultracanes have two different modes of sensors which are for detecting knee and ground level obstacles and they also have replaceable cane tips and batteries. The obstacle detection range for these canes are 1.6 meters in the upward direction and within 4 meters of handle in the forward direction which is almost four times more than traditional white canes thus, it gives blind people more freedom of mobility with increased safety and speed (Ultracane, 2011). (a) (b)Show MoreRelatedStudying in the Arena of Information and Communication Technology688 Words   |  3 PagesThe technological marvel of enabling a connectivity grid globally is now an indispensable tool of almost every sphere of life and subject to constant innovations. The magnetism of which has been the incentive for me to plot my future trajectory in Communications and Signal Processing and tapping into its phenomenal potential of enhancing the ease and efficacy of life. 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The Sphinx Essay Research Paper The Great free essay sample

The Sphinx Essay, Research Paper The Great Sphinx Debate A reaserch squad has discovered grounds that the Great Sphinx of Giza, Egypt, may day of the month from 5000 and 7000 BCE and perchance earlier. In response, archeoligist have thrown clay at geologist, historiographers caught in the center, and the Sphinx, holding revealed one secret, challenges us to unknot even greater 1s. The dicovery originated half a century ago in the work of R.A. Schwaller de Lubicz, between 1937 and 1952. Schwaller conducted a study on the pyrimds and environing memorials. Schwaller observed a physical anomalousness in the pyrimid composite at Giza. The erosoin on the Sphinx was rather different from the eroding on the other constructions. Schwaller sugested that the cause of eroding on the Sphynx was H2O instead than wind-borne sand. Since no one understood the implacations this survey went unnoticed until the 1970 # 8217 ; s, when an indepent Egyptologist John West took up the inquiry. Archeologists atrribute the Sphinx to the Old Kingdom 4th dynasty swayer chepron, though others belive that the Sphinx day of the months as far back as 10000 BCE. This is the side that I # 8217 ; m supporting because of all of the convincing grounds that has been found. On the Sphinx the borders were rounded and deep crevices were outstanding. On the other structures the surfaces showed merely the sharper scratch of air current and sand. Egypt experianced periods of heavy rainfalls in the millenary the marked the post-glacial due north displacement of the tempeture zone. This period lasted from about 10000 to 5000 BCE and by its terminal the Sahara had turned from green savanna into a desert. A shorter but more intense period of rainfall lasted from about 4000 to 3000 BCE. Westy thought that deluging from the post-glacial passage caused the typical weatering on the Sphinx which meant that the Sphinx must hold been carved during or before the passage. Robert Schoch, a geologist, joined West in his probe on the dating of the Sphinx. Archeologist agreed that the lower half of the Sphinx may hold been eroded by the inundation Waterss, but Schoch observed that the upper degree and the encloser walls, of the Sphinx was the most to a great extent eroded, non the bottom half. The grade of the subsurface weathering could be measured by resiling sound moving ridges off of deeper layeers of stones. Schoch discovered that the encloser floor in forepart and alongside of the Sphinx had a weather-beaten deepness of six to eight pess. Besides that the dorsum of the encloser had weathered merely half as far. Behind the Sphinx had been excavated during the Old Kingdom but he concluded that the sides and forepart of the memorial were twice every bit old. Schoch estimated the day of the month of the Sphinx and most of its encloser between 5000 and 7000BCE, far earlier than the day of the month assumed by archaeologist. Schoch noted that the weathering could hold been non-linear, decelerating as it got deeper because of the increasing mass of stone operating expense. On this premise, the Sphinx could hold been signifigantly older than 7000 BCE. West disaproved one piece of supposed grounds. With the aid of a New York City constabularies creative person , Detective Sgt. Frank Domingo. WEst compared the caput of the Sphinx with a known caput of chepron. P > Sergent Domingo generated profiles of the two caputs by computing machine and by manus and found a really different facial construction in the profile of the Sphinx compared to the profile of chepron. The difference is easy seen in photo graphs of the two caputs. To the job of the archaeological context for an earlier Sphinx, Schoch replied that urban centres had to existed in the eastern Mediterranean at Catal Huyuk from the 7th millenium and at Jericho from the 9th millenary BCE. At Jericho there were big rock walls and a 30 pes tower. No such ssettlement had been found in Egypt itself but clearly there was civiazation in the part. More grounds could be under milennia of the Nile river silt. An advanced civilazation may non hold been necessary. A Neolithic civilization was able to raise Stonehenge in Britain. Astronomist shortly joined the argument over the Sphinx and brought more grounds of a possible earlier civilazation. In 1993 Graham Hancock had a intuition that the oddities hearkening back to the era of 10,500 BCEBy the pyrimd builders was an invitation to them to see the existent age of the Sphinx. If this hypothesis is true, so the Sphinx must be an # 8220 ; original # 8221 ; time-markerof that remote epoch utilizing a celestial ticket. Hancock pointed out that the First Time day of the month of 10500 BCE besides denoted the begining or First Time of the Age of the Leo. This is the clip when the king of beasts configuration would hold risen at morning before the Sun on the twenty-four hours of spring equinox. This event brought the heavenly king of beasts to rest due east, therefore in perfect elinment with the Sphinx. The Sphinx, in other words was made to look at his ain image in the horizon- # 8211 ; and accordingly at his ain # 8220 ; clip # 8221 ; . Hancock pointed out that 10500 BCE was no random day of the month. A # 8221 ; luck bend of the spade # 8221 ; organize one of the labourers unearthed portion of ananceint composite of belowground galleries and tracts. It looked as if portion of the country had already been excavated some old ages ago but the, for grounds unknown, it was covered up once more. This was apparent by the splodges of moder howitzer and Fe bars that were left embedded in the ceiling of the antediluvian tracts, likely in an effort to reenforce the relics. But why the traces were covered up once more, and why and how they came to be forgotten remains of enigma. West has suggested that an ice age day of the month for the Sphinx raises anew the inquiry of a lost ice age civilazation, posibaly the Atlantis of ancient fable. The grounds dating the Sphinx to an earlier clip peroid doesn # 8217 ; t turn out such fables. But if the hypothesis of rainfall erosoin is true, it does name the known chronology of African and so universe civilazation into inquiry. The grounds for an earlier Sphinx raises extra inquiries: If the Sphinx composite is so much older who built it and why? Should we be more tenative in what we assume about the first half of the last ten thousand old ages? If so, how should that impact what we know about the 2nd half? Some replies may come in the following few old ages as the new findings are examined and tested. Until so, the Sphinx challenges us to rethink our history and maintain an unfastened head.

The Open Boat and To Build a Fire

Introduction Naturalism was an offshoot of determinism and Darwinism. These schools of thought held that man had minimal control over his fate because the environment shaped his life. ‘The Open Boat’ and ‘To Build a Fire’ epitomize this literary movement. Not only do the writers use practical and succinct language that is typical of this school, but they also place greater emphasis on processes over people. This approach was in keeping with their reverence for neutrality.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on ‘The Open Boat’ and ‘To Build a Fire’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More How the two narratives exemplify naturalism Naturalists often make conservative use of language in their narrations and these two books are no exception. These authors detached themselves from their characters as well as the human situations. ‘The Open Boat’ describes the four men ’s adventures with a great degree of temperance. The author had opportunities to exaggerate their accomplishments as well as their failures, but he did not. The desperate nature of the characters is consistent with their dreary settings, so every stylistic choice matches developments in the story. One should also note that only one of the characters in the story has a name –Billie. This level of detachment testifies to the realism that naturalists liked. Similarly, the writing in ‘To Build a Fire’ was objective and concise. London stays away from the emotions and insecurities of his protagonist. Nothing sets him apart as a special individual. In fact, the hard language in the narration and the twists and turns of the story make the man seem like a sideshow. The author’s language is objective and factual. For instance, he talks about the number of matches that the man used and why ice froze on his beard (London 36). This stylistic choice was in tande m with his naturalist thought. He wanted to furnish the audience with objective information such that they can competently assess the environment. Naturalism also explains why London did not name his central character. Doing so would have detracted readers from the subject matter. As the name implies, naturalism was a school of thought that focused on nature. It dwelt on ‘what is’ rather than ‘what should be’. Therefore, when pioneers of the intellectual school wrote about something, they gave precedence to the environment rather than the people in them. For instance in ‘To Build a Fire’, readers can find a lot of information about nature. London talks about springs, creeks, fires, snow and how each of these natural processes can change and affect the elements surrounding them. In the book, one understands the repercussions of exposing one’s cheeks to extremely cold weather.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Likewise, the same description of all things natural can be found in ‘The Open Boat’. Most of the discussions in the piece dwell on how the sea operates; its waves and tides can change dramatically and thus affect those who are standing on its way. At the beginning of the story, the sea seemed like a merciless monster that the men personified. However, towards the end of the story, they soon realize that the sea is a natural object (Crane 14). It has no intentions and does not inflict deliberate harm. Crane wanted to prove that nature is ‘what is’. Man is the one that gets too preoccupied with what it should be. Naturalists ascribed to Darwinian and determinist thought. Darwin led the determinist school by demonstrating how evolution occurred. The scholar affirmed that the environment shapes organisms over extremely long periods of time. It caused them to develop different physic al characteristics (mutate) from those of organisms within the same species. In subsequent times, groups that had favorable traits survived while the ones with unfavorable ones died. Determinism proved that man was helpless against his environment. His free will had little to do with what occurred to him (Sorrentino 104). These themes are present in both narrations. In ‘The Open Boat’, the waves are frequently changing; the men have little control over these waves even after spending a substantial amount of time at sea. Man can do little to change the forces of nature. Therefore, he must accept this condition and only focus on reacting to what nature presents. Naturalists believed in the insignificance of free will. Likewise, the author of ‘To Build a Fire’, wanted to show how even intellectualism could not save many from nature. The man had a map and was set on hunting for gold. However, he later had to abandon these ambitions because of the harsh weather. The dog had a higher chance of survival than the man because it understood its place in the natural world. It reacted to its environment and thus outlived the man. However, the protagonist did not respect the power of the natural world and thus subjected himself to danger. The deterministic environment altered his goals and thus triumphed over his free will. Many naturalists acknowledge the determinism of the environment, but they do not believe in its divinity. Nature was neither against or for man; it was simply present. Therefore, one should not expect moral judgment from nature as this will not materialize (Bender 92).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on ‘The Open Boat’ and ‘To Build a Fire’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More London does not blame the man for the fall in the snow, and neither does he blame the snow. If one must ascribe moral responsibility on a party, then it should be p laced on man since he can predict the consequences of his actions. Nature is also indifferent to man in ‘The Open Boat’. The men initially blame the sea for their predicaments. In one occasion, they claim that the sea is hissing and snarling. However, the narrator later learns that nature was not against them when one large wave carries him to shore. One can thus deduce that nature is not a partisan party if it can rescue and cause harm at the same time. Adherents of the naturalism movement favored members of the lower classes. Alternatively, their characters became classless in the wake of environmental forces. In ‘To Build a Fire’, the protagonist is probably one such character because he leaves his home for a dangerous expedition, in hostile weather, so as to hunt for gold (London 8). Conversely ‘Open Boat’ has an oiler, a correspondent, a cook as well as a captain. None of these titles matter in the grueling and unpredictable sea; all that counts is their survival. Conclusion Naturalists strongly espoused neutrality. This is evident in their succinct and factual language as well as their focus on plot rather than the people in their narrations. The authors under analysis show that man’s free will is irrelevant, and even his intellectualism cannot fight nature. Conversely, London and Crane acknowledge the impartiality of nature and its inability to wield moral judgment over man. Works Cited Bender, Bert. Sea-Brothers: The Tradition of American Sea Fiction from Moby-Dick to the Present. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press,1990. Print. Crane, Stephen. 2011. The open boat and other tales of adventure. 2011. Web. †¹https://archive.org/details/openboatothertal00cranuoft/page/n6†º London, Jack. 2012. To build a fire. 2012. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sorrentino, Paul. Stephen Crane Remembered. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2006. Print. This essay on ‘The Open Boat’ and ‘To Build a Fire’ was written and submitted by user Obi-Wan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Gattaca Why Vincent Has Exceeded His Potential Essays

Gattaca Why Vincent Has Exceeded His Potential Essays Gattaca Why Vincent Has Exceeded His Potential Paper Gattaca Why Vincent Has Exceeded His Potential Paper Gattaca is a science fiction film written and directed by Andrew Niccol. It is about a mans struggle to follow his dream despite being pre-determined by the society in which he lives to not be able to achieve it. Gattaca shows that people can in fact exceed the potential that society and their genes place on them. This is seen in the characters of Vincent and Director Joseph who both exceed their expected potential. Director Josephs claim that humans cannot exceed their potential when referring to the navigators at Gattaca is clearly false because Vincent and has infact exceeded his potential. Vincent is concieved naturally without the help of genetic engineering technology which gives geneticists the ability to choose, what genes they want to keep in the fetus and what genes they want to eliminate based on the parents choice and budget. Because he is concieved naturally which is considered an unorthodox form of reproduction by Vincents society, he is born with a high probability of many genetic problems and defects such as manic depression, attention deficit disorder, heart disorder, myopia and is born with a life expectancy of 30. years. As Vincent grows older he falls in love with the cosmos and decides to pursue a career in space but is quickly rebuked by his parents because of his inferior genetic characteristics specifically his heart disorder. Despite this negative feedback from his parents he decides to apply at Gattaca hoping that he wont be discriminated against because of his genetic profile. However Vincents hope shatters as his application is declined, and is forced to work as a cleaner at Gattaca. : When his fellow workmate asks him why he cleans the screen immacutely he responds arrogantly by saying If the glass is clean, itll be easier for you to see me when im on the other side of it. Because he is not following his dream, Vincent decides to become a barrowed ladder which is a person who uses the genetic identity of another for a purpose such as getting a particular job or in Vincents case getting into Gattaca. Vincent borrows the indentity of Jerome Morrow a professional swimmer born genetically engineered up to perfection. Jerome has been hit by a moving vechicle which has paralyzed him from the waist down and thus making him unable to swim anymore. Jerome Morrow supplies Vincent with blood, urine, hair and skin samples so that he is able to get into Gattaca. Vincent passes the interview which is a urine test, and quickly becomes one of Gattacas elite navigators and achieves his dream of going to space, despite being born with genes that pre-determined him to be lower and inferior member of society, he manages to chieve the impossible getting into a prestigious space academy and achieves his dream of becoming a space navigator. Vincent however is not the only one who has exceeded his genetic potential. In the society in which Vincent lives, the elite or the people with the perfect genome are considered to be not only genetically perfect but also morally perfect. An example of this is depicted vividly in the movie when Vincents eyebrow sample containing invalid genes is found near the crime of the murderer mission director. Vincent is quickly regarded as the main suspect in the crime simply because is an invalid a person born naturally through sexual intercourse. The assumption that is made is that people who are valids or people who have perfect genes cannot commit an imperfect immoral act such as murder and therefore the main suspect has to be by definition an invalid. This assumption however is false because the person responsible for the murder turns out to be Director Joseph himself. Director Joseph is a good example of a person who exceeds his potential by comiting an act of murder. Before Joseph is convincted of murder and while he was being questioned he told the detectives that There isnt a violent bone in my body which is a classic manifestation of what how Vincents society views people with perfect genes as morally perfect people. Because Direct Joseph has in a sense rebelled against his genes (assuming that morality is a genetic characteristic) he has exceeded his potential and proves that perfect genes does not necessarily equal high rectitude. In conclusion, the film Gattaca shows that people can and do exceed their potential. This is seen in the characters of Director Joseph and Vincent who both exceed the potential that society has given them. Vicent exceed his potential by getting into Gattaca even though he is born genetically inferior and considered a lower class member of society while Director Joseph exceeds his potential by commiting the act of murder which is not expected and not programmed in his genes.

Human Resources in South Korea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Resources in South Korea - Essay Example (Zimmermann and Sparrow, 2008) To start, operate and close a business is well protected by South Korea's regulatory environment. Starting a business takes an average of 17 days compared to the world's average of 43 days. Obtaining a license will take less than the world's average of 19 procedures and 234 days. Closing a business is also easy. (Hesketh and Fleetwood, 2006) The investment climate is increasingly open. The government offers incentives such as cash grants and zero-corporate tax zones; has a one-stop-shop for foreign investments; and assigns an official to facilitate each project. Residents and non-residents may have foreign exchange rate accounts. (Hesketh and Fleetwood, 2006) Trade, fiscal and labour freedoms are relatively weak. Monetary score is hurt by government subsidies of several sectors. Non-tariff barriers are very common. The labour market remains rigid despite the government's effort to enhance market flexibility in recent years. There are burdensome employment regulations that hinder employment opportunities and productivity growth. The non-salary cost of employing a worker is low, but dismissing a redundant employee is costly. The high cost of laying off a worker creates a risk aversion for companies that would otherwise hire more people and grow. Regulations related to the number of work hours are not flexible. (Zimmermann and Sparrow, 2008) The... For outsiders language barriers and tight social or business circles make the Korean labour market difficult to enter. Business relationships have traditionally been built upon personal ties and valuable introductions. The South Korea labour laws are mentioned below: Foreign workers: pursuant to the immigration control act, professional or skilled foreigners can be employed in Korea after being issued with visas; in other particular occupations which include the hospitality and hotel industry (E-7) visa is issued. (Hesketh and Fleetwood, 2006) General procedures: the parties concerned sign an employment contract. A related minister makes a recommendation. The minister of Justice issues a visa issuance certificate. (Hesketh and Fleetwood, 2006) Working standards and welfare: the labour standards act, which stipulates minimum working standards for workers, covers all employees. However, some provisions (relating to employment contracts, restrictions on dismissal, working hours, leave, etc.) are not applied to work places with four workers or less given economic conditions and administrative capacity. (Hesketh and Fleetwood, 2006) Restrictions on dismissal: employers cannot dismiss employees without justifiable causes. If dismissed without justifiable causes, an employee can apply for redress to a labour relations commission. Employers may be subject to punishment for unjustifiable dismissal. If an employer is to dismiss a worker, he or she should meet strict conditions and procedures. First, the employer should have urgent managerial reasons, make every effort to avoid such dismissals, select those to be dismissed by rational and fair standards and sincerely consult with the trade union or workers' representatives in advance. Even when an

Organisation and behaviour Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Organisation and behaviour - Assignment Example Coca Cola has a dynamic organizational structure. This enables the entity to address the countless managerial challenges it encounters. The entity organizational structure combines various managerial structures. The managerial models include functional, central, production and regional management. The fusion of these models generates a dynamic structure, which suits Coca Cola. The regional management enables the entity to address regional challenges, which the entity is encountering. The entity adopted a regional structure, which ensures the distribution of its products in the various sections of the globe where it has clientele. This kind of structure also ensures that the location of its production facilities enables reduction of cost and unproblematic accessibility of its products to its clientele. Regional management also enables the entity address variation in culture globally. The variation in regions means that organizational culture will vary depending on the geographic locat ions. However, the organizational culture is largely similar despite the variation in geographic location. Coca Cola organization culture entails various aspects such as team building, performance management, training and motivating employees. The organization has also established certain values which the entity seeks to inculcate in its employees. The virtues ensure that there are good inter-employee relationships. Furthermore, these values ensure proper service to the clientele. Coca Cola’s organizational culture is a vital constituent of the entity’s corporate governance policy. Coca Cola’s corporate culture is friendly and innovative. It seeks to improve the employee’s career by ensuring that employee progress professionally. Professional advancement is an imperative way of motivating employees. Motivating employees is a vital since it will boost productivity in the entity. The organization has laid emphasis on teamwork. Organizational teams are critical since

ICT and an Adult in Education Essay Example for Free

ICT and an Adult in Education Essay Mr Williams is a teacher at my school, he teaches ICT and Business Studies at KS3, ICT at KS4, Form Tutor, Production, Collection and Collation of Reports for the whole of my school. He produces information on students and for staff to help in teaching and learning, he also produces statistics for staff, senior staff, LEA and DFES. He also produces information to do with effort grades ad target setting information. So he uses a lot of technology, this includes; * PCs on a Network * Apple Macs on a Network * Internet via 10MB broadband * E-mail * Laptop also on Network * Digital Video Camera * Digital Still Camera * Digital LCD Projector * Palm m515 PDA * Wireless Notebooks Window/MAC OS * USB Memory sticks * Data Logging Hardware * Control hardware/software * Fax * Also available Interactive Whiteboard Mr Williams is a teacher of I. C.T and business studies at Key Stage 3, teacher of I.C.T at Key Stage 4, Production, collection and collation of Reports for the whole school, effort grades and target setting information he produces also. He produces of information on students for staff to use which will help in teaching and learning. He has achieved the Electronic registration system for the whole school within 12 months for people to use and view. He performs general backup for staff using RM software, he also performs General Network Administration which is adding new pupils and staff users. He gives advice on purchasing new equipment for the whole school and departments. He selects, purchases and setups laptops for teachers using E-Learning. Mr Williams analyses exam results so senior staff and heads of years or departments so they are aware of achievement compared to the expected results. Staff are also able to view these results so they can be aware of performance issues. Subject staffs, heads of years and de partments, senior staff and form tutors are also able to access these results, grades and comments. Extra software is available which will help staff by using the system that was introduced by Mr Williams, (software produced using Microsoft Visual Basic). The RM Network The RM network system allows Mr Williams to access the information on students and is able to update it if needed such as if the student changes address or phone numbers. Mr Howells can now, after Mr Williams has set the network up, can get access to LEA Management Information System and the school records. Data bases are creates to hold student information on staffs users names or folders on their laptops. Mr Williams has also enabled access from home, using the internet and school passwords. He has also updates the Pupil Achievement Tracker software which allows staff to store progress of students within classes or year group. The RM connect system enables Mr Williams and two other members of staff, who are supervisor users, to access students work areas to solve problems and to check appropriate use of programmes and internet. The E-mail system is also filtered so inappropriate E-mails are redirected and staff are able to view them, the access of websites with inappropriate langua ge or content such as pictures, Mr Williams and the other two members can check. The RM system is set up to allows staff to open Read only documents so they can give students access to related subjects. Mr Williams uses this for providing information, revision materials, coursework guides and modelling situations and simulation materials. Also used is a Virtual CDROM software and a multimedia server this allows staff and students to access CDROM images, such as the Applied ICT On-Line course used in years 9, 10 and 11. Digital Multimedia Technology Mr Williams also uses digital multimedia technology to help provide teaching and learning resources. Mr Williams used a digital camcorder, a still camcorder and Video editing software on Apple computers on a programme called IMovie and Windows, Microsoft Movie Maker2 to interview staff in local company. The final video clips were used on Matchware Mediator, which helped him to produce a series of web pages which students now use for their coursework tasks. Digital LCD Projector Mr Williams uses a digital LCD projector to allow students to use and interact with progressing work. Either Mr Williams or a Student will control the PC being used in the demonstration or teaching session. Mr Williams also uses this technology with teachers on Inset days for staff. School Internet Network Mr Williams uses the internet the school provides for teaching and learning and links on the school system. The internet is used for research for topics and to help Mr Williams keep up to date with the education and subjects. Students and staff use the school e-mail system to communicate or send work for marking or that has been marked via E-mail. Mr Williams can view students progress on GCSE grades by using created databases in DataPower which stores coursework marks, comments and examination marks. Formulae is used to estimate the final grade the student may be given to the student, he can do this by using board supplied information. This information is shared with students and used to report back to parents. Virtual Learning Mr Williams has helped in the introduction of a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). The VLE allows students to upload web pages to the school system and also as a secure data and information storage area for students work. PDA Mr Williams uses PDA in school; this holds a lot of useful information such as Diary information, pupil performance information, examples of E-book for future reference by students in the school. Software and information can be beamed using Infra Red technology to members of staff or to certain Infra-Red equipped printers in the school. USB Stick Mr Williams has introduced the use of USB stick technology which enables transport of large amounts of data in a compact secure form (32 or 128 Mb at present). Data Logging and Control Hardware Mr Williams uses Data Logging and Control hardware in teaching and provides INSET days for ICT and Science staff, these days are needed to improve the quality of teach Wireless Mr Williams uses the wireless (55Mb) notebooks with students in school and with adult learners to allow them to experience new technology. The advantages are obvious, a lot more space recommended for each machine, extra infra form is required, (Wireless access points can be plugged into network sockets, for easy movement), students can also work in groups in a more adjustable way. The School Network The School Network System enables Mr Williams to access information on students or necessary by students or staff anywhere in the school. Software He uses a lot of software such as Microsoft Word Access, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft Publisher, DataPower 2, Macromedia dreamweaver, Macromedia Fireworks, Macromedia Flash, Macromedia Freehand, Adobe Acrobat, Adobe Photoshop, Pupil Achievement Tracker (PAT), IMovie, Microsoft Movie Maker 2, QuickTime Pro, Microsoft Visual Basic, Internet Explorer, EasyMail and Outlook Express. Hardware and Network, Windows Desktop PCs, Windows Laptop, Apple IBooks (wireless) Apple G4 desktops, Apple Network using MACOS Xserver, RM Connect network using 5 NT4 servers and a multimedia server, Fibre Optic spine connecting four cabinets which contain Hubs and Switches, 100Mb Ethernet to the desktop, 10Mb Broadband Internet access with RM SmartCache technology, Palm m515 PDA using IR and USB technologies for transferring data. He also uses a Promethean Interactive Whiteboard, Sony digital video camera, Canon digital video camera, Sony digital still camera, Canon digital still camera. The Internet Mr Williams uses the internet for research, if he did not have the internet he would have to get information from textbooks, and use more textbooks during lessons while he teaches. If he had to do this it would be expensive. If he was not able to have access to the internet it would mean he would have to photocopy from books so he would have to arrange time before and after lessons to photocopy the information needed. To do this more money is needed to be spent and more time would be needed, so other jobs will not be able to be completed as time would be wasted on photocopying. As Mr Williams will always be up to date with resources as he uses the internet. Mr Williams also uses the internet to buy gifts for friends and family, such as buying tickets fro the cinema or theatre, with his friends and family. He likes using the internet to but gifts as he gets an online discount, that isnt available in the shops and by using the internet he doesnt have to waste time waiting in queues. Al though there is a disadvantage about purchasing online as he doesnt always get to see all the objects in the shop, and he also has to pay for delivery, but that works out the same as the amount of money he would of spent driving to the shop and parking. The PDA The PDA had several facilities this means Mr Williams will have all the information he needs for the day. If he didnt have this piece of technology Mr Williams wouldnt be able to travel around school to see students and teachers as he would have to carry lots of papers with him if he didnt have this technology. Sometimes he is not able to take his laptop into meetings but with this programme he is able to save work to his area, this is handy as he will never loose his work or information, like he would if he had to carry paper around with him. The PDA has facilities which a useful to Mr Williams, such as alarms and a diary, this meets his needs as he is never late to an appointment or meeting and never misses a private party or function, like a family members of friends birthday party. Digital Camcorder He uses a digital camcorder to create applications for his students ICT classes. This allows Mr Williams to download the resources directly to the system. Mr Williams can now uses student friendly resources in his teaching schedules, enriching and improving the experience of his students education. Memory Stick Mr Williams uses a memory stick which allows him to be more resourceful and more flexible in his job. This means Mr Williams can hold data on and be able to transport it around school easily. As he can store more work it means he can do more work at home in his own time in the evenings and at the weekend. This means Mr Williams can now spend more time at home as before he had a memory stick he would have had to spend more time at school, which before he felt he was missing out on his family life. Notebook Dell D810 He uses a Notebook Dell D810, this means he now has more freedom than he used too. Before he had this laptop it meant that he had to sit at a desktop, which is usually in a classroom, and could not get much work finished. This programme means that he can move around during school, as long as it has a wireless connection to the network, having this means he can complete all of his work. Microsoft Word This Microsoft programme can give Mr Williams a variety of options and facilities. One of the facilities is mail merge is useful for producing reports for students. If Mr Williams did not have this option of using Microsoft Word, it would take him an awful long time to add addresss and reports for students. The word processing software also checks his spelling and grammar so it looks professional and correct. Power Point is also used by Mr Williams to create presentations for students. Having this programme allows students how to create different fun pieces or work. E-Mail Mr Williams uses E-mail for school and his social life he uses this so he can send work to and from home, also he can sends work to students via e-mail, with suggestions on how to improve their work. He also uses this to communicate with his family and friends to arrange events in his social life. He likes e-mail because he knows that when he sent an e-mail, it will be viewed by the person he has sent it to, when they open their inbox. This therefore means he can communicate. This means he can communicate with anyone when he is on his computer and isnt near a phone. Doing this means he doesnt have to wait until the person turns on their phone or leaves a message or is at home. Mr Williams feels that when he leaves a message on a phone, he doesnt feel he can communicate properly. He knows that if he sends an e-mail, all of the necessary information will be displayed once read. Network System Mr Williams is able to access information anywhere in the school. This means that he can complete his work anywhere and any time, when he has spare time.

Cadburys Communication Campaign :: Business Management Studies

Cadburys Communication Campaign Section B- Communications campaign The product I have chosen for this communications campaign is Cadburys. Cadburys is an existing product which consists of many different types of chocolates. The company is aimed at all ages but mostly young adults and children. Cadburys are sponsored by much company but one of their main sponsors is Coronation Street. â€Å"Coronation Street is the most watched programme on UK Television; it has a 35 year pedigree and reaches more than 15 million households, although a number of possible suitors were mentioned it was Cadbury who came forward with a  £10 million package to create a sponsorship which has set the benchmark for broadcast sponsorship in the UK.† quote taken from the Cadbury website. As you can see Cadbury have one of the biggest sponsorship deals and with this it allows the company to enhance their name and reputation. One campaign which Cadbury have already used was a poster campaign the posters they used looked like this: Poster Campaigns Here are three posters you will have seen out and about this summer. Image of Happiness Comes from Within poster Image of Let Your Happiness Bubble Over posterImage of The path to Happiness is paved with Mint Chips poster As you can see from the posters, with this Campaign Cadbury tried to advertise their different varieties of dairy milk instead of just the original dairy milk. When preparing a communications campaign, the business needs to set objectives which may include: Informing  · For Cadburys to inform the public about this product, they have to tell the public what the public is and what it contains. Persuading  · When people hear about this product they might not take any notice so one of the businesses objectives is to persuade the public to buy this. This can be done by putting making the chocolates stand out against the others in the market. Reminding  · As there are so many other business out there in the world people might forget that your product exist, so sometimes the public need

Airline Industry: Pricing Structure and Strategies Essay

ABSTRACT The profitability of an airline industry depends on filling seats, and on the company’s ability successfully to anticipate the cost and price structures of their competitors. However, many airline carriers have a hard time accomplishing this because the average airline passenger just needs to travel from one destination to another in the most convenient and shortest amount of time at a reasonable price. Therefore, customers in this market are not as loyal to one specific airline (brand) in the industries. The reason for this is that airline carriers provide the same services at similar prices. In addition, the passenger will only incur high switching costs if they choose to take another mode of less desirable transportation. Airline carriers have overcome these problems by using the strategy of â€Å"Price discrimination.† That is a strategy that allows them adequately to segment their potential passengers, and to offer different pricing structures that match passengers’ sensitivity to price and value differences in cost to serve, and their different competitive positions (Stern, 1989). While it also allows passengers to maximize their â€Å"expected utility† when flying with the airline carrier that meets their needs. The 1978 deregulation of the airline industry has resulted in airline carriers being unable to make a profit by filling seats, and successfully to anticipate the cost and price structures of their competitors (Bailey, David, Graham, Kaplan 1985). According to statistic, the airline industries’ profits declined in 2001 through 2003 by $23.2 billion (Smith Jr. & Cox). During this time the average airline passenger just needed to travel from one destination to another in the most convenient and shortest amount of time at a reasonable price. However, because all airline carriers provide the same services at similar prices, the passengers in this market are not as loyal to one specific airline (brand). For, example, any passengers not able to purchase a flight plan that they value, will not necessary buy the next best plan offered. Instead, these price-sensitive passengers will gravitate toward a lower-cost competitor  airline (Smith Jr. & Cox). This is especially true in this particular industry because a passenger will only incur high switching costs if they chose to take another mode of less desirable transportation. Therefore, many airline carriers had a hard time making a profit or breaking even (Brady, & Cunningham, 2001). In addition, this same deregulation of the industry provided new companies the opportunity to enter an already competitive market (Bailey, David, Graham, Kaplan. 1985). This stressed the market because pricing strategies that airlines used in the past did not adequately different between price sensitive passengers and price insensitive in this market (Sterns, 1989). Therefore, many airline carriers could not â€Å"capitalize on opportunities that [would] influence customer and [their] competitor responses (Stern, 1989). Because of this lost of profit, many airline carriers were force to file bankruptcy (Brady, & Cunningham, 2001). Therefore, as a reaction to these, external pressures many of the remaining companies (American, United, Continental, Northwest, US Air, and Delta) developed complex pricing strategies that would help them to outmaneuver their rivals (Smith Jr. & Cox). Different pricing structures were developed that allow them to match passengers’ sensitivity to pr ice and value differences in cost to serve, and their different competitive positions (Stern, 1989). In addition, sense airline carriers offer a product that is homogenous; to be successful they had to offer a product that potential passengers would view as different from their competitors’ product (Westermann, 2005). One strategy that airline carriers’ use is â€Å"differentiated pricing, which is a form of â€Å"price discrimination.† That is a strategy, which many companies’ uses because it allows them to charge different prices to different customer. However, airline carriers use this strategy by offering fare discounts.[1] This strategy allows the airline carriers to get as much consumer surplus as possible from each group of passengers, given his or her utility functions and income. Once they have determine their potential passengers expected utility from flying and income â€Å"Pricing ladders† are then used to charged for seats on a flight by segmenting travelers by their identity, destination, number of days between the day of reservation, the day of travel, the day, and time of departure, the day and time of return (Currie,  & Simpson, 2009). Many airline carriers and other companies are able legally to accomplish price discrimination and use pricing ladders because not all passengers have the ability or willingness to pay the higher or lower prices when they are offered (p.331 ). Identifying price discrimination Placing restrictions on purchase and use â€Å"Price discrimination† is a way to increase prices to improve profit margins by offering substantial discounts on bundles (McAfee, 2008). Price discriminate is accomplished by airline carriers’ when they offer potential passenger that satisfy certain demographics considerations a range of packages, or combinations of fares and restrictions attached to the purchase of their tickets (Stavins, 1996 & Anderson, & Renault, 2008). This pricing discrimination strategy â€Å"†¦ is known as second-degree or self-selection price discrimination (Stavins, 1996). Under this strategy, the airline is able perfectly to segment potentials passengers into groups according to their willingness to pay (Currie, & Simpson, 2009). Airline carriers are then able to offer them the highest fare in the ladder that they are happy to pay (Currie, & Simpson, 2009). While at the same time allowing passengers â€Å"†¦to choose [other] preferred versions of a product based on their willingness to pay for specific attributes of the good (e.g., time, convenience, flexibility)† (Stavins, 1996) [The citation for a direct quote needs the page number] . The pricing strategies is successful because it allow airline carriers to match â€Å"†¦the passengers relative ‘utility’ across competing products (where multiple factors are considered, including price, departure times, elapsed times, etc† (Ratiiff & Vinod). Therefore, companies were able to charge passengers on the same airline flight different prices for the same service and product. Nevertheless, several practices that involve selling services and or products for different prices can be viewed discriminatory (Anderson, & Renault, 2008). Airline carriers however justified this price discrimination by their cost differences and their demand-base (Anderson, & Renault, 2008). That includes â€Å"†¦the service quality/price sensitivity of various air travelers and offer differential fare/service quality packages  designed for each† (Smith Jr. & Cox). The second type of price discriminations that airline carriers use is the rationing and limiting of the supply of the cheaper goods (Stavins, 1996). One way airlines accomplish this is by adding various restrictions to cheaper or discounted tickets (Stavins, 1996). The discounted ticket is offered to passengers willing to stay at their destination a specific amount of time (Saturday-night stay over) or willing to purchasing their ticket in advance (Stavins, 1996). They also offer their potential passenger a discount or cheaper rate for their bundle roundtrips tickets. These are strategies that allows airline carriers to further separate â€Å"†¦price-sensitive passenger [that have a low disutility] from travel restrictions from price-inelastic [passengers that have a] high disutility from ticket restrictions† goods (Stavins, 1996). However, not all passengers value these types of discounts, especially business travelers. This is because even though this segment of passengers is less price sensitive, they are also less flexible concerning their flight arrangement (Stavins, 1996). Therefore, airline carriers can charge this segment of travelers premium seat fees because they prefer the flexibility that their one-way tickets offer. They also offer them frequent flier plans to help induce them to favor their particular carriers, even when ticket prices and restrictions are higher than their competitor (Stavins, 1996). â€Å"yield management† systems have also enabled airline carriers effectively to determine how many last-minute business travelers will show up willing to pay whatever it takes to get on a given flight (MCCARTNEY, 1997). Whereas, they charge this segment of passengers for their seats, leisure travelers on the same flight are offered a discount price, which is not necessarily based on the price of their ticket, but instead on the flight itinerary (Stern, 1989). These discounts and cheaper tickets are an economic value that this segment of passengers will obliviously value. This is because these potential passengers are more concern about price than the flight schedule (McAfee, 2008 Stavins, 1996). It is a pricing policy that allows airline carriers to provide a wider range of choices, which allow  potential passengers to determine the products and services that best meet their needs. Thereby, passenger satisfaction and loyalty is increased, and the airline carrier is also able to optimize their revenues by up charging different prices for the same seat on their airline (Stern, 1989). However, it is important to note that in today airline hyperturbluent environment airlines ticket prices change frequently in response to supply and demand and to changes in the prices of competitors’ fares (http://www.airlines.org/products/AirlineHandbookCh3.htm). This has resulted in many airline carriers unbundling services that traditionally came with the purchase of a seat, such as baggage checking, seat reservations and even the ability to pay by credit card. The benefits of these strategic practices have increased the revenue of airlines. It has also resulted in some passengers paying only for what the use. While for others that need to check a bag, and do not pay with cash, the cost of the seat will be more. Nevertheless, no company can price discriminate successfully, if they do not have some market power to charge prices above marginal cost (Stavins, 1996). In addition, they must have a diverse population of potential passengers, which they can adequately segment (Stavins, 1996). The â€Å"†¦product resale must be impossible or costly, to prevent arbitrage† (Stavins, 1996) [Needs page number] . The airline carriers’ industries however can accomplish price discrimination because of their hub-and-spoke systems (Stavins, 1996). These system allow different airline carriers to differentiate among themselves by â€Å"†¦occupying different slots in flight schedules, and by offering different route networks† (Stavins, 1996) [Needs page number] . These differentiation in flight routes, flight frequency, and airport dominance has allow many airline carriers obtain â€Å"†¦market power even on relatively competitive routes† (Stavins, 1996) [Needs page number] . Therefore, airline carriers may have market power in some market segments, but in others they do not, which results in higher price discrimination on their more competitive routes (Stavins, 1996). Conclusion Price discrimination is usually thought of as a way to extract as much consumer surplus as possible from each group of consumers, given his or her  utility functions and income. It is a strategy therefore associated with raising prices for less elastic consumers. But in the case of airline carriers, price discrimination is exhibited [Passive voice] through fare discounts. Consumers maximize their expected utility from flying. They choose between various price restriction packages, such as between low price-high inconvenience and high price-no restrictions combinations. The choice depends on the consumer’s elasticity of demand with respect to convenience, time, or money REFERENCES Anderson, Simon P., & Renault, Rà ©gis. August 2008. Price Discrimination. Retrieved 20 April 2010 from http://www.virginia.edu/economics/ Bailey, Elizabeth E., David R. Graham, and Daniel P. Kaplan. 1985. Deregulating the Airline. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Brady, Stephan, Cunningham, William. Predatory Pricing in the Airline Industry. :Transportation Journal; Fall2001, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p5, 11p Currie, Christine S.M., and Daniel Simpson. â€Å"Optimal pricing ladders for the sale of airline tickets.† Journal of Revenue & Pricing Management 8.1 (2009): 96+. Academic One File. Web. 20 Apr. 2010. Graham, David R., Daniel P. Kaplan, and David S. Sibley. 1983. â€Å"Efficiency and Competition in the Airline Industry.† Bell Journal of Economics, vol. 14 (Spring), pp. 118-38. McAfee , R. , Preston , PRICE DISCRIMINATION, 1 ISSUES IN COMPETITION LAW AND POLICY 465 (ABA Section of Antitrust Law 2008) McAfee , R. , Preston, & Vera te Velde. Dynamic Pricing in the Airline Industry. http://www.mcafee.cc/Papers/PDF/DynamicPriceDiscrimination.pdf MCCARTNEY, SCOTT Airlines Rely on Technology To Manipulate Fare Structure The Wall Street Journal Interactive Edition November 3, 1997. http://www.nd.edu/~mgrecon/datafiles/articles/airlinefarestructure.html Ratiiff, Richard& Vinod, Ben. FUTURE OF REVENUE MANAGEMENT Airline pricing and revenue management: A future outlook Stavins, Joanna. Price Discrimination in the Airline Market: The Effect of Market Concentration. November 25, 1996 Stavins, J. (2001) â€Å"Price Discrimination in the Airline Market : The Effect of Market Concentration†, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 83, 1, 200-202. Stern Andrew, A. Pricing and Differentiation Strategies. Planning Review. Sep/Oct 1989, 17, 5. Retrieved 20 April 21, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Westermann, Dieter, (Realtime) dynamic pricing in an integrated revenue management and pricing environment: An approach to handling undifferentiated fare structures in low-fare markets: Journal of Revenue & Pricing Management; Jan2006, Vol. 4 Issue 4, p389-405, 17p, 4 http://www.airlines.org/products/AirlineHandbookCh3.htm